# Light and gravity

Corresponding Wikipedia article: Gravitational lens

A light beam is deflected by the gravitational field due to mechanical pressure on a magnetized aetheric flow, which have small mass. The energy density of a beam in vacuum consists only of the magnetic (mass) component, because any electric interaction does not exist: $P_C=\frac{\rho c^2}{2}\tag{1}$

The beam "mass" should be halved in the calculations. The transverse (normal) free-fall acceleration at a point $$x$$, regardless of a path curvature, is: $a=\frac{2GMR}{(x^2+R^2)^{3/2}}\tag{2}$

The transverse velocity on an infinitely long path is: $v=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}{a\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{1}{c}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}{a\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{2GM}{c}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}{\frac{R}{(x^2+R^2)^{3/2}}\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{4GM}{cR}\tag{3}$

Assuming an infinitely long path of light, the very small angle $$\theta$$ is: $\theta=\frac{v}{c}=\frac{4GM}{c^2R}\tag{4}$

The formula (4) with an error (twice less) was produced by Soldner[1]. The light beam, according to this formula, when it passes near the Sun, is deflected with an angle of about 2’’. This is in accordace with General relativity and experiment.

The gravitational refractive index increment is a ratio of the gravitational pressure ("Gravity", 2) increment to the electromagnetic pressure (1): $\Delta n=-\frac{\Delta P}{P_C}=\frac{4GM}{c^2\sqrt{x^2+R^2}}\tag{5}$

The transverse component of the refractive index is: $\frac{\partial n}{\partial R}=-\frac{4GMR}{c^2(x^2+R^2)^{3/2}}\tag{6}$

The transverse velocity is equal to (3): $v=-c\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}{\frac{\partial n}{\partial R}\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{4GM}{cR}\tag{7}$

The propagation delay is calculated through the function of speed increment: $\Delta v(x)=-c\Delta n\tag{8}$

The calculation shows compliance with the General relativity and experiment (Shapiro delay).

This aether theory denies the cosmic black holes existence, where the mass-energy is absorbed forever. The material density is limited by the laws of its creation and cannot reach the level, which is sufficient for a black hole.

## References

1. Soldner, J. G. v. "Ueber die Ablenkung eines Lichtstrahls von seiner geradlinigen Bewegung, durch die Attraktion eines Weltkörpers, an welchem er nahe vorbei geht". Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch (1804) s. 161 – 172.