# Physical economics

## Introduction

Energy motion in the economy

The life is a result of the energy activity. This is love and hate within mental area, and the physical energy within physical area. As the human society (which is not an ant colony) generally could not be organized on the basis of family love, so the economy as a whole is organized on the basis of physical (material) energy, i.e. the commodity-money relations. The risks of crises could be reduced by fitting the economic pseudo-laws into the natural laws of nature in the proposed model, which is based on the CSS (CPS, COB).

Money is the physical energy (calories, kW ∙ h, etc.), which should replace the petrocurrency and other abstract currencies including the precious metals and stones. The accounting is performed by conventional instrumentation, if it is technically possible. This idea is not new, it has been introduced before V.A. Efimov, and it is supported by many persons.

Society as a particle system
Particle system Society
Entropy is a measure of how different are the particle energies. Chaos is caused by the excessive personal activity or passivity and high income inequality (energy supply).
Useful work is the opposite of the entropy growth. Social order is provided by the uniform employment and the uniform income (energy supply) of population.
Energy becomes the useful work in a certain mechanism. Personal freedom is limited by the certain laws of society.

Both elitism and liberalism inevitably lead to a social chaos (revolution, war, extremism). The public order is achieved by the targeted uniform resource supply and the homogeneous knowledge (parenting and education).

## Law

The right to personal and private property applies to all products, which are made by the human and machine labor. The land and the underground resources are not subject to sale and to rent, because they are not created by humans, and therefore they are distributed by the state (social) planning. The energy is not created by people, but it is only extracted by them, and therefore it should be partly distributed among them for free (see below). The super enrichment happens due to the unequal distribution of the natural and labor resources.

The land plots, in which the private property exists, are subject to tax: $Land\;value\;tax = \frac{area}{total\;area}\times total\;cost\;of\;protection\;and\;defense$

## Money

The capitalist banks are issuing the money like an inexhaustible light of Kabbalah from a single center through the hierarchy of intermediaries. The money must be issued as the donations and loans. Any person can give a loan, but only from his own funds. The repayment rate should be comparable with the production rate of natural energy. $Rate\;of\;loan\;repayment = \frac{debt\;value}{total\;value\;of\;all\;debts}\times total\;generated\;power$ The law of conservation of energy requires the following:

• Prohibition of lending of natural (free) energy without any commodities exchange. The financial intermediaries and Ponzi schemes do not thrive.
• Payment of interest on loans as a share of the debtor profit (an Islamic "credit" Musharaka). The banks must get their income only from the government budget. The insterest rate of the bank deposits and passive accounts should be zero.

The typical schemes accompanied by the bank are:

• A retailer takes a loan for the purchase of goods, the lender of which is their wholesaler. The wholesaler has the right to get the goods or other property back in case of violation of the agreed sales plan.
• A buyer of a product takes a loan, the lender of which is a seller. The seller has the right to get the product or other property back in case of violation of the agreed debt repayment plan.

The noncash means of payments for goods and services are:

• Cheques (checks) on energy consumption issued by the energy supplier through the bank. A cheque owner may issue the secondary cheques. The cheque validity is calculated in the same way as the loan term.
• Bonds for the collective financing of projects accompanied by the bank.

The cash can organize a simple environmentally friendly agriculture (permaculture, for example), where the main energy source is food, and the manufacturing widely uses biological force and fuel-free machines. The bank cannot arbitrarily convert the cash and noncash resources. The cash money supply is provided by the state reserve warehouses, where the food is exchanged for money. The lifespan of cash (banknotes etc.) does not exceed the shelf life of food.

The cash supply limitation helps to resolve the following issues:

• Food shortages, because the food is purchased principally for cash.
• Growth of the urban population, who busily do nothing.
• Crime (corruption, etc.), because all the major payments are noncash and can be tracked.

The electronic money is a control method of cash, cheques and bonds. Each electronic account has the corresponding structure with payment history.

## Cost

The soft local rules. The market pricing in energy currency.

The strict government rules. The unlimited freedom of market pricing should be limited by the natural laws. This eliminates the need for exchanges, stocks and similar pricing mechanisms. The market trade was brought into the life of Indo-European peoples by the Phoenician and Arab merchants, and also by the Jewish moneylenders, moneychangers and jewelers with their cult of gold and diamonds.

$\mathbf{Basic\;cost}\;of\;goods\;and\;services = energy\;costs\;of\;production\;and\;delivery\;to\;a\;consumer$

The accurate measurement of costs is technically difficult, and therefore the suppliers and the consumers are bargaining within the measurement error.

The cost of defective (worn-out) products is determined by a conventional subtracting the repair services cost from the initial cost.

The leasers are paying a normative magnitude of wear and are compensating a damage caused by them.

$\mathbf{Cost\;of\;food\;and\;energy\;sources} = basic\;cost + energy\;value$

The food producers have to share the food value, which is given by nature, with the food processors, who do not add any calories to a feedstock. Thus, a more natural food, which is usable even in its raw form, may be more profitable for its producer. For example, the cereals, which require the bakeries and the distilleries (see "Bread and alcohol") for the final products, must be displaced along with the alcoholism.

The natural raw materials for light industry (cotton, flax, silk, wool, fur, leather) is equivalent to the food value of cellulose and scleroprotein. A manufacturer of cotton or flax is forced to share the value with the textile industry.

The energy suppliers have to share their energy values with the manufacturers and distributors of the goods, which have a negligible energy value. The most profitable manufactured goods are the converters of energy into any functions (transport, telecommunications, etc.), because these goods require energy for their operation continuously. The profit of producers depends not so much on the quantity of goods, but rather on their quality and durability. Therefore, the overproduction is suppressed, and amount of the toxic waste to landfill is decreased.

The rule of free heat. The increase in total energy consists of the useful work and the useless increase in temperature and/or entropy. The thermal energy of an object does not give any energy value to this object and is excluded from the economy. Examples:

• Object heated by the natural (Sun, geothermal) or artificial means.
• Fuel or waste to produce heat only. For example, the food and wood energy values cannot be compared.
• Working substance of the heat engines (exhaust gas, steam and hot water).
Distribution of the fuel energy value (heat of combustion)
Use of fuel Heat discount Profitable investment for a fuel provider
Turbines, rockets (prepared gas, petroleum products, etc.) 0% Aerospace industry, high tech. Electric power, transportation.
Piston engines (liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel) 50% Automotive industry, agricultural machinery, construction.
Furnaces, boilers, reactors (minerals, biofuel) 100% Energy production by the power plants and also the transportation can make a profit.

$Fuel\;cost = cost\;of\;production + heat\;of\;combustion\;– heat\;discount$

Cost of the grid electricity depending on its supplier and consumer
Generator Whole grid + fuel – delivery – discounts
Three-phase AC Industry + fuel – discounts
Overhead lines Electric vehicles + fuel
Low-voltage single-phase AC Residential, public and administration buildings

The fuel-free electricity (solar, wind, hydro, etc.) is cheaper than electricty from the thermal generators. The price competition saves the non-renewable fuel resources and reduces the greenhouse gases.

## Production

The goods and the services are supplied on the basis of a private initiative to meet a demand. The competition is possible.

The supply and demand balance is mainly achieved by the feedback from a consumer to a producer. This feedback controls the production with prediction of a trend. It should be noticed, that the traditional capitalist economic growth and the growth of consumption is not required in this case. The list of goods is modifying rarely and their level of consumption can be predicted with a great accuracy. The abnormal fluctuations in demand (e.g. a massive buying of goods by the speculators) must be investigated in each individual case.

The examples of predictors:

The intersectoral balance is a calculating of amount of the products, which mutually require each other as the raw materials. The planning parameters are:
$$x,\;x_{out}$$ is a vector of produced and output products respectively;
$$S$$ is a matrix of dependencies:
$$S_{ii}$$ = 1
$$S_{ij}$$ is the need for a product $$i$$ to produce a product $$j$$.
The system of linear equations to find a produced products vector $$x$$:
$S^{-1} x=x_{out}$

Example of a simplified matrix for the poultry balance
chicken egg
chicken 1 1 / (egg production rate)
egg 1 1
Resource-saving concept of the unified replaceable modules with multi-level interfaces
Level Main parameters Standardization Application
host central Processor design and performance, size of programmable logic, sizes and types of memory. Hardware platform (RISC, DSP, FPGA), series of parameters, operating system (POSIX), information encoding. Telecommunication network nodes. Automation.
peripheral Display/camera/speaker/sensor, resolution.
informational protocol stack higher (host) layers of the OSI model Protocols of complex information systems. Telecommunication.
data link Input/output/half duplex/duplex, synchronous/asynchronous, frequency or baud rate, modulation or protocol. Types of protocols. Series of speeds.
type of energy-matter carrier radio/optical Wavelength or frequency, signal strength, radiation pattern. Frequency bands.
electrical Layout, voltage, amperage, impedance, frequency, phase. Series of voltages and frequencies. Electromagnetic compatibility. Energy industry, telecommunication.
hydraulic/pneumatic Substance, temperature, pressure and flow. Series of pressures. Turbines, combustion engines, pumps, compressors, hydraulic drives, water supply, air conditioning etc.
transmission Direction, power and speed. Series of powers. Motors and mechanisms with friction, chain, universal joint, rope, etc. transmission.
obligatory basic mechanical Shape, size and material of connection. IP Code. Series of dimensions, diameters and steps.

An example of system of the certified modules according to the principle of cooperation "order and do it yourself":

• Precast concrete frame of buildings. Structural panels. The construction is planned and regulated by the state.
• Metal profiles to build the frame of a device. A stationary frame can be attached to the supporting floor, walls, ceiling, etc. The outer panels, brackets, hinges and internal blocks are mounted to the frame. The vehicles are registered with the state inspections.
• One-piece body of a mobile, portable or special device with holes and fasteners for panels and blocks. The vehicles are registered with the state inspections.
• Barrel with mechanisms and cartridge (shell) of a gun. The use is regulated by the state.
• Heat engine and its fuel system. The vehicle engines are controlled by the state (emissions control, inspection of aircraft engines).
• Nuclear reactor with its fuel rods under the state control (resolution, inspection and disposal).
• Staged filters, hydraulic motors, pumps, compressors and turbines. High pressure, gas and aircraft equipment is regulated by the state.
• Stacked heat exchangers, condensers and radiators.
• Typical electric generators.
• Stacked electric transformers, rectifiers and capacitors.
• Stacked distributors:
• Hydraulic/pneumatic manifold or tap with connectors, optional filters, safety valves and valves with multi-level control interface, including the mandatory manual valves. For example, a single water manifold can service the entire integrated kitchen, laundry, etc. The high pressure, fire, gas and aircraft equipment is regulated by the state.
• Electrical distribution board with connectors/terminals, optional filters, fuses/breakers and switches with multi-level control interface, including the mandatory manual switches. Optional automatic uninterrupted power. The aviation equipment is regulated by the state.
• Electric cells and batteries are the toxic products with energy value. These products must be taken back and disposed by the manufacturer with the payment of appropriate remuneration for consumers. The measures to reduce consumption are: replacement of numerous remote controls, calculators, watches, etc. by the universal mobile devices with the long lasting rechargeable batteries; embedding of centralized control units in the residential and industrial premises.
• Linear DC voltage/current regulator with the open-loop voltage/current feedback and the enable signal. Overload protection and support for a smart battery charger.
• Cascadable analog PWM-controller for dimmers, switching regulators, inverters, amplifiers, etc. A couple of controllers can operate in a push-pull circuit. A controller has the enable signal and the RC ramp/exponential oscillator, frequency and amplitude of which is controlled by the separate signals. The mode of operation depends on the clock signal:
• External pulses. The RC generator determines the pulse width.
• External or internal ramp/exponential voltage. The comparison with particular amplitude determines the pulse width.
• Cascadable transistor half-bridge with optional decoupling of the discrete control signals.
• The automated electric motor/actuator with multi-level control interface. These modules are the main consumers of electricity and at the same time the control units of simple portable appliances for air-conditioning, hygiene, food and hand tools. The typical universal motor control units with sensors are designed by the experts, who are responsible for reliability of the electric transportation (elevators, trams, locomotives, railroad switches), lifts and avionics.
• Tool for installation into a chuck or a transmission belt.
• Roller or modular conveyor belt. Conveyor chain, for example a deep link chain (escalator).
• Undercarriage with wheels or tracks, brakes, and also the steering and drivetrain parts of a rolling chassis. The undercarriage is controlled by the state (registration and inspection).
• Oscillator with the open-loop PLL and the embedded reprogrammable logic (CPLD) to divide frequency and to form any complex digital signal.
• AM receiver/transmitter of analog audio signal with the digital control of carrier frequency and signal level. The interface depends on version. The powerful transmitters are registered.
• FM receiver/transmitter of analog stereo signal with the digital control of carrier frequency, signal level, mode of stereo (de-)coding and access to the RDS buffer. The interface depends on version. The powerful transmitters are registered.
• UHF/VHF receiver/transmitter or transceiver with an intermediate frequency. Types of frequency bands: radio, television, telephony, wireless, radio navigation. Digital control of carrier frequency and signal level. The powerful transmitters are registered.
• (De-)modulator of the analog TV/video subcarrier signals without delaying and switching of the chrominance components. Digital control of the subcarrier frequency (chrominance, sound, stereo).
• Cascadable (de-)modulator or modem with bitstream and clock. Digital control of modulation (PCM, n-PSK, n-APSK, n-QAM). The PCM is used for an analog signal or for a complex modulation (e.g., OFDM).
• Cascadable delta-sigma modulator with bitstream and clock for building a precision ADC. In order to be closer to the sources of analog signal, the modulators with their various adapters can have a line of communication to the shared processor. Interfaces of communication and control depend on version.
• Cascadable programmable digital signal processor (DSP) with built-in reprogrammable logic (FPGA) for (de)multiplexing, (de-)serialization of data, generation of cyclic codes and pseudo-random sequences. The processor can connect to a smart card chip (key) and perform encryption/decryption, (de-)coding, filtering, conversion of sample rate and frame size. The processor also may perform the radio navigation measurements and produce the timestamps. An array of processors, which is united by a common JTAG port for programming and debugging, processes one signal sequentially (e.g., modem and codec) and/or several adjacent signals in parallel. The hardware acceleration of calculations:
• High-speed memory with parallel access to several segments of limited capacity: program, stack, shared data buffers for both DSP and FPGA.
• Stacked data address generator (DAG), typical for DSP.
• Cascadable unit of four parallel multipliers of fixed/floating point with the cascadable switching adder and accumulator of sum. Each term of sum is multiplied by an arbitrary factor $$0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \pm\frac{1}{2}$$, and the whole sum is multiplied by an arbitrary factor of $$2^{\pm K}$$.
• Vector 2D, 3D, 4D operations based on one unit of multipliers: sum, difference, multiplication of components, multiplication by a scalar, multiplication of two 2D vectors by different scalars, multiplication of a 2x2 matrix by a 2D vector, dot product of vectors/rows/columns, a component of the quaternion product, a component of the 3D cross product, determinant of a 2x2 matrix, a cofactor of a 3x3 matrix.
• A sum (difference) of squares and a square of binomial based on the unit of multipliers.
• Complex numbers as 2D vectors based on the unit of multipliers with a special multiplication operation, including conjugation. One FFT "butterfly" requires two passes or stages.
• Unit of CORDIC or “digit-by-digit” to calculate some elementary functions and their inverse functions. The function value is the product/sum of partial functions, which take binary bits at each position of argument. The values of these functions for binary “1” are stored in a table, and the functions for binary “0” are the same at all positions. N-bit value of the inverse function is evaluated for no more than N iterative selections from MSB to LSB.
• Rotary CORDIC for complex numbers based on the unit of multipliers. Angle of vector (argument of number) can be expressed by the number of revolutions in the fixed-point range [0,1). The multiplication of complex numbers corresponds to the addition of angles. Two MSBs of angle indicate its quadrant. The table allows calculating in one iteration simultaneously the sine and cosine of the angle increment in DFT. The inverse function of the sine/cosine ratio is the arctangent of this ratio. Other trigonometric functions are expressed through the sine, cosine and arctangent.
• Logarithmic CORDIC based on the parallel multiplier channels to calculate the exponential and logarithmic (inverse) functions. Required table of $$\exp(\pm 2^i)$$ for i-th position is not very large because $$\exp(\pm 2^i)\approx 1\pm 2^i$$ when $$i\ll 0$$ and quickly $$\exp(+2^i)\to +\infty$$ and $$\exp(–2^i)\to 0$$ when $$i\to +\infty$$. The exponent of a floating-point number is added to the position number during the processing of its significand as a number with fixed point. The exponentiation of any number is $$x^y = \exp(y\ln x)$$.
• Power function $$x^P$$ with $$P=\pm2^{\pm K}$$ based on the logarithmic CORDIC. The exponential function is calculated in parallel with the positive or negative logarithm, reducing the time twice. Reciprocal for unsigned division $$\frac{1}{x} = \exp(–\ln x)$$. Square root $$\sqrt{x} = \exp(\frac{1}{2}\ln x)$$. Inverse square root $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} = \exp(–\frac{1}{2} \ln x)$$.
• Stacked unit of 1D, 2D, 3D linear and cubic interpolation with fixed and floating point.
• Stacked unit of color model (RGB and YUV) conversion.
• Cascadable programmable synchronous switch, which consists of two arrays (vectors) of N and M channels and the switch matrix of N x M nodes. The matrix has the optional function of the time division multiplexing (concentration). The whole switch with an optional switched (DSP) is controlled by a common JTAG port. The structure of synchronization and data signals depends on the particular task, for example:
• N subscribers x (N subscribers + K channels of higher level). N subscribers connect to each other by bi-directional data flow within the local dialup network and with K channels of the global network.
• K channels x 1 multiplex channel. The concentrator integrates the bidirectional synchronous channels and builds a hierarchical network (telephony, integration services). The frame synchronization signals are within the data stream.
• (N system inputs + P processor outputs) x (M system outputs + P processor inputs). The system of parallel data flows processing by P signal processors, which are connected arbitrarily in series and/or in parallel. Branching and multiplexing of data is possible. Synchronization signals are bi-directional and complex (request/acknowledge, ready/busy).
• P video processor outputs x D displays. Videohub allows switching, branching and also to create a stereo image, to join a matrix of adjacent video sources into a single display and to split a single video source into a matrix of adjacent displays. Optional mask signal implements the visual effects such as "picture in picture" and “chroma key”. Synchronization signals are the clocks of pixels, lines and frames.
• Cascadable analog mixer, which consists of two arrays (vectors) of N inputs and M outputs and the switch-sum matrix of N x M nodes. Each input has the DAC, which serves as the digital signal source or the analog volume control. Interface depends on version.
• Acoustic panel with speakers and power amplifiers.
• Display (possibly touch) panel for a control panel, a mobile device, PC/monitor/TV/projector, etc.
• Camera and/or microphone with digital audio-video interface.
• Stacked memory module (RAM, Flash, hard drive, etc.). Interface depends on version.
• Precision optomechanical products (lenses, optical drives, etc.).
• Optical or magnetic scanner panel. Interface depends on version.
• Printing unit with actuators, sensors, cartridge and USB interface.
• Network hubs, regenerators, media converters and converters of digital interfaces.
• Multi-function control unit (embedded PC) based on the RISC (e.g. ARM) CPU with a set of interfaces and extensions of functions. Each unit has the power controller with RTC, the touchscreen interface, the DMA controller and the system switch of DSPs with two built-in coprocessors: for telecommunications (TPU) and for synchronous video-audio input and output (VPU). The control functions are divided into the central general event handling (initialization, configuration, scheduling, services, user interface, standby mode, shutdown) and the distributed special continuous control by DSPs. The device drivers are close to the firmware of DSP and reprogrammable logic. Common JTAG port allows testing, debugging and system diagnostics. Versions of the block:
• Mobile (radio, mobile phones, modems, navigation devices, tablets, remote control) with the additional DSP for radio and the embedded reprogrammable logic for buttons, lighting, alert and internal interfaces (I2C, SPI). Typical external interfaces are: USB+charging, Wi-Fi, IrDA, memory card, headset.
• Portable (laptops, terminals, instrumentation, photo, video, audio, TV, household appliances and integrated kitchen) differs from the mobile version by decoupled GPIO and additional typical interfaces: HDMI, Ethernet.
• Domestic (multimedia center, integrated office, workstation) with the powerful power supply and the connectors for CPU, RAM, storage devices and special extensions (for example, SATA and PCI-E). Extensions comprise the additional VPU for complex display systems with additional outputs and the mathematical processing unit (MPU) connected to the system switch of DSPs. The MPU performs time-consuming calculations by the software engine with input and output data flow. The MPU can numerically simulate complex systems (mechanics, thermal engineering, electronics, etc.), and it can also be synchronized with the VPU and be used as a graphics accelerator (video decoding, calculation of geometry and lighting of 3D models). Every usual residential or office space requires only one unit, which fits into the interior and can be a server for a handheld terminal. Universal remote control based on a mobile phone controls the entire house or office. Typical external interfaces are: USB, HDMI, Ethernet, Wi-Fi.
• Industrial (servers, routers, communications and process control) differs from the domestic version by the installation into a system chassis. TPU is adapted for high-speed communication. MPU simulates processes for a proactive management. Typical interfaces are: SAS (SCSI), high-speed (broadband) connection.
• Onboard, military, space. Special interfaces, climatic conditions and design requirements. MPU perform the navigational and automatic control tasks.
• Sectional upholstery (bed, chair) that is installed into a frame.
• Storage shelf, bin, bar, etc.
• Simple (decorative) panel: wall, mirror, window, door, cover, tabletop, ceiling, floor.
• Lighting panel, spotlight. Vehicle lights are registered.
• Control panel with special elements (buttons, knobs, indicators, connectors, etc.). False panel for a centralized or remote control.
• (Electro-)mechanical timer, hour meter.
• Shaft position/speed meter (encoders), flow meters of energy and matter with indication and electronic interface. Calibration of flow meters is controlled by the state. The system of gas and electricity meters indicates a leakage and its location.
• Sensors of temperature, flame, smoke, humidity and pressure (weight) for the normal or emergency control systems with manual adjustment option. Plugs for unused sensor ports. The fire alarms are controlled by the state.
• Fridge chamber or air-conditioner with places for an electric drive and an embedded control unit.
• Tubular/disc electric heater with temperature sensor; induction stove with electronic interface; magnetron; gas (kerosene) burner with electric ignitor and combustion control.
• Cooktop with holes for heaters and control panel. Gas equipment is controlled by the state. Gas stove is installed by professionals, who set up a special panel with knobs and actuators, which can shut off the gas by the combustion control signal.
• Oven/furnace chamber with thermal insulation, panel and holes for control panel, heaters, convection (heating or cooling), ventilation, lighting, etc. Gas oven is also installed by specialists.
• Tub (sink) with ports: inlet, outlet, overflow, sensors of temperature and liquid pressure. Intelligent bathtub automatically maintains the water level and temperature.
• Tank (vessel) with lid/door, optional safety valve and ports: inlet, outlet, drainage, sensors of temperature and pressure of liquid and gas (vapor of liquid). High pressure vessels are controlled by the state.
• Centrifuge is a specialized tank with internal rotary tool and its drive shaft. Conventional kitchen machine (processor, etc.) can have only one inlet. Separator has holes for a finished product.
• Boiler (pot) is a tank with optional thermal insulation, panel and holes for a control panel and a heater. High pressure equipment is controlled by the state. A gas boiler must be connected to a manifold with a combustion control valve. A food pot (multicooker) does not have inlet/outlet/drainage, but it has a convenient lid and a removable bowl. A drinking boiler (samovar) is self-filling, easy to disassemble, and it has a neck for tea, coffee, detergent, etc.
• Washing, laundry or toilet chamber is a specialized boiler with the pulley to drive a rotary tool and the containers for detergents. A dishwasher chamber is connected to a washing sink drain. A toilet chamber is an intelligent flush toilet with a bowl of conical shape, a rotary brush, a disinfectant and ability to heat water before cleaning.

## Social services

The wage of workers, employees and experts (including teachers) = personal energy consumption + share of an energy value. The shares are set by an agreement of all the employees and partners.

The minimum (living) wage prevents the inevitable damage to health. It depends on place of residence and has the following structure: $Minimum\;wage = minimum\;cost\;of\;rational\;nutrition\;and\;hygiene + cost\;of\;conditioning\;(heating)\;for\;a\;minimum\;living\;space$

The tax rate on the delivered electricity and fuel provide the social state budget: $Social\;budget = minimum\;wage \times total\;population$

The food is delivered forcibly in exchange for non-cash budgetary funds.

The social budget supports the following:

Thus, the state is directly interested in reducing of own apparatus, unemployment, crime, and also in strengthening the families.

The minimum allowable power of production is a power at which the tax rate is 100%. The closer this rate is to 100%, the greater state regulation is required.

The governmental health care is funded from the common insurance fund, which is filled by the voluntarily insured people. Each person pays the power of own physical strength (full by default). That is, the doctors gain their profit from the healthy people, and the patients bring them only losses. The social pensions are paid from the same fund, individually choosing the optimal ratio of costs between treatment and pension. Thus, the doctors are not so much interested in treatment, but rather in prevention and health promotion of growing population.

The general parenting and education are the services, which are paid from the budgets of a family, a company and the government. The governmental parenting and education provides the minimum social security. The modern technology allows the independent people to get the self- and tele-education. The training effectiveness depends on the feedback level from a student to a teacher, and not only on the tests, but also on the answers to the vital questions.

The information is not a commodity, and it is freely available, if the source had given it voluntarily. The rewards to artists and scientists should be paid by the arbitrary persons (sponsors, fans, etc.) without taxation, because this activity is not directly related to natural energy.

Educational program from the perspective of social security
Priority Courses Targets Methods
Unpaid obligatory minimum for a citizen
0 Native and world languages. Prose, poetry, music, songs, movies. Painting or calligraphy. Communication skill. Accurate perception and beautiful expression. Creation of archetype by images, tales, proverbs. Pictorial and verbal communication, reading, writing, crosswords.
1 Mathematics and natural science: arithmetic, combinatorics, logic, foundations of geometry, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy. Knowledge of scientific method without an engineering emphasis. Substitution of mysticism and fantasy. Basic household and industrial knowledge:
Math-logic games (Kakuro, Shikaku), practical tasks, visual aids, experiments, computer physics simulators and games (Crazy Machines, Poly Bridge), popular science films.
2 History of country and world (12+). Perception of the present as a consequence of the past. Learning by the historical examples of mistakes and successes. Films, maps and lectures.
3 Social theory (12+). Knowledge of family and social relations in various orders and religions. Socialization within the existing society. Conversations for life, movies, books.
4 Geography. Economics and law (12+). Knowledge of material values. Understanding the values of native land and environmental management. Preventing the changing in values. Lectures, maps, films, computer simulations and strategy games.
5 Ecology. Computer science. Health promotion and toxicology. Knowledge of agriculture, basic medicine and hygiene. Civil defense. Safe telecommunications. Understanding of technology as a part of ecosystem that displaces the natural life. Lectures, visual aids, practice.
6 Physical culture. Physical training. Skills of self-defense, military training, driving. Practice.
Natural Humanities (paid or a government grant) –

education of doctor (comprehensive treatment of physical, mental and social diseases)

0 Foreign and ancient languages. Music as the universal language. Communication skills and understanding of special literature. Aesthetic education. Reading and communication. Music theory and practice.
1 Elementary algebra and geometry. Statistics. Physics and chemistry based on the basic mathematics. Biology. Writing and solution of systems of algebraic equations. Statistical data analysis. Knowledge of necessary natural laws:
• Relationship between density, pressure, force, speed, power, work, temperature and entropy.
• Genetics and biochemistry: amino acids, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, salts, vitamins, hormones. Microbiology, plant and animal physiology. Cycle of biological time (properties of human age).
2 Universal history (16+). Knowledge of the past, the present and the versions of future. Sense of the cyclic social time. Lectures and maps.
3 Religious and secular ethics. Psychology (16+). Sociology (16+). Understanding the living unwritten human laws. Psychotherapy. Knowledge of religions, sects and CSS. Conversation.
4 Economics (16+). Jurisprudence (16+). Knowledge of the "dead" written human laws. Management, court and defense. Lectures and internship.
5 Ecology. Medicine (16+). Environmental law. Human physiology and anatomy. Special practical knowledge: dentistry, surgery. Lectures, visual aids, internship.
6 Gymnastics. Dance. Psychophysical practice. Practice.
Technology (paid or an industry grant) –

education of master (compensation of human laziness and weakness)

0 Special terminology. Engineering drawing. Communication skills and accurate understanding of special literature. Accurate spatial visualization. Reading and communication. Technical drawing and CAD.
1 Algebra. Geometry. Further Mathematics. Mathematical analysis and modeling. Lectures and tasks.
2 History of science and techs. Knowledge of the basics of technology. Understanding the value of fixed assets (tools etc.). Knowledge of the outdated and incorrect concepts. Lectures, visual aids, films, internship.
3 General physics and chemistry. Applied sciences or special branches of physics (nuclear, astro-, theoretical). Knowledge of facts and actual scientific and technical concepts. Numerical analysis and educational programming languages (Pascal, C). Lectures, tasks, experiments, internship.
4 Metrology. Materials. Geology. Methods and accuracy of measurements. Knowledge of the properties of current assets: materials for construction, energy, engineering, etc. Lectures, visual aids, experiments, internship.
5 Ecology. Architecture, ergonomics and technical aesthetics. Environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing design of industrial and software products (web design). Lectures, visual aids, internship.
6 Occupational safety. Military (16+). Safety. Using the military equipment. Lectures and practice.

## Reference data

Values for comparison
Energy value Good
kcal kW ∙ h
1000-3500 1-4 Human food for a day.
3000-4000 3,5-4,5 1 kg of legumes (peas, beans, soybeans).
1500-2500 2-3 Heating of 1m2 usual premises per day.
7000-7500 8-9 1 liter of gasoline (petrol).
12000-13000 14-15 1 kg of methane.
Work Action
kcal kW ∙ h
2,35 0,00273 Lift of 1t cargo to a height of 1m.
3,69 0,00429 Acceleration of 1t cargo from 0 to 20 km/h.
Comparative characteristics of transportation
t
Efficiency,
t / kW
Speed,
km / h
Minimum cost,
kW ∙ h / t ∙ km
hp kW
water passenger <160000 <120000 <20000 0,2 40-55 0,01-0,1
cargo <260000 <190000 <550000 3 20
rail freigt and low-speed passenger 100-8000 75-6000 60-9000 0,8-1,5 20-100
EMU and trams 270-27000 200-20000 10-100 0,01-0,05 20-300 0,1-1,0
road urban 1,2-250 0,9-180 0,1-10 0,01-0,11 10-200
tractor (unit) 13-800 10-600 0,7-30
dumper, tipper 250-9500 180-7000 4-450
air non-jet 160-60000 120-45000 0,4-60 0,001-0,003 200-800 1-2
subsonic jet
(power = thrust x speed)
(2500-60000) (2000-44000) 3-120 500-900
ultra-fast supersonic passenger (110000-120000) (80000-90000) 12-15 0,00016 2100-2300 2-3
hydrofoil and hovercrafts 840-15000 620-11000 4-110 0,006-0,010 60-110 1-3

## Conclusion

Comparison of different systems
Capitalism Physical economics (hybrid) Soviet socialism
Private property yes no
Money supply and GDP growing adaptive planned
Financial sector developed undeveloped
Tax base property,
income, goods and services
land, natural energy income, goods and services
Prices and incomes floating conceptually explained planned
Speculation permitted limited prohibited
Production entrepreneurship, indicative planning directive planning
Goods turnover high required for the energy turnover planned
Variety of goods unlimited limited planned
Social services undeveloped secure developed

The advantages of this system are:

• Initiative belongs to the consumers and the real producers, who even give the loans to each other. The financiers and the officials perform just technical functions.
• Super enrichment of the energy suppliers is difficult, because the energy sharing ratio is known, and the interdependent partners will try to divide the energy according to their labor costs.
• Stability of prices for the electricity and the housing services.
• Limited pricing prohibits a profit from people's misfortunes (an accident, a natural disaster, etc.) accompanied by a large increase in demand for some product or service. The demand only stimulates the supply.
• Single currency, which eliminates the exchange rates between currencies.
• Minimum wage provides a living wage, which does not allow starvation and also motivates any productive activities.
• Manufacturer in competition seeks to minimize the basic cost (cost of production) and provides also the necessary quality and quantity of the goods and services.
• Food prices are almost stable, because the energy value of food is constant.
• Pharmacy is not so profitable for the doctors as in the market economy.
• Free information products reduce the profanation of art and science by some merchants (Bill Gates and others).

The disadvantages of this system are:

• Everyone has to work really and honestly, because a passive income from rent is not so significant, a credit is risky, and any gambling is minimized.
• "Black" market with free pricing of the goods that have an excess demand.