# Material particles

Corresponding Wikipedia article: Elementary particle

«Discretization of logic forces you to expand the discretization principle onto all that exists»

(Unknown author)

The monads of the material particles set up the following conditions:

The velocity and the magnetic field for all the particles types mainly differ only by their central part. In this regard:

• The absolute value of the electric charge (elementary charge) is the same for all the particles.
• The greater the particle mass (energy), the less uniform distribution has the particle density over its volume, concentrating at the centeral part.
Main classes of material particles
Stable particle electron proton
Mass (energy) low high
Density distribution relatively uniform concentration at the center

The quark or parton is an abstract particle, a part of the hadron. The quark is a pair of the opposite vertices of the hadron monad polyhedron. The quarks define the pairs of poles of the magnetic field, except for a pair of the axial poles. The electric charge of a quark relates to the magnetic wave phase.

The quark-gluon plasma is an artificially produced mass of the continuously synthesized and decaying hadrons.

The meson is a hadron, which monad is an octahedron, consisting of two quarks (6 vertices / 2 – 1 = 2). All the mesons have a limited lifetime, which does not exceed a few nanoseconds.

The baryon is a hadron, which monad is a stellated octahedron, consisting of three quarks (8 vertices / 2 – 1 = 3). The proton is the only stable baryon, perfectly matching the hadron monad.

Quark structure of a proton, according to the wave phase
Phase $$\theta$$ $$\cos\theta$$ Charge $$q=\frac{1+2\cos\theta}{3}$$ Quark
–60° +1/2 +2/3 U (Up)
+60°
180° –1 –1/3 D (Down)

The neutral particle is an unstable couple of a hadron and a lepton, when the lepton tightly covers the oppositely charged hadron, and the resulting vortex usually takes an extra energy. The neutral particles lifetime is usually less than the lifetime of theirs constituent particles. The neutron is the most long-lived neutral particle, a couple of the proton and the electron.

The neutrino is a kind of the aetheric beams, which are emitted by the decaying particles.

Particle Geometry Rest energy,
MeV
Specific binding energy,
MeV
ns
Mesons
Pion $$\pi^0$$ 1 of 8 vertices of nuetron $$135$$ $$17,6$$ $$8,5\cdot 10^{-8}$$
$$\pi^+$$ 1 of 8 vertices of proton $$139,6$$ $$22,3$$ $$26$$
Kaon $$K^+$$ 1 of 2 tetrahedrons of proton $$493,7$$ $$24,6$$ $$12$$
$$K^0$$ 1 of 2 tetrahedrons of nuetron $$497,7$$ $$27,9$$
Baryons and nuclei
Nucleon proton stellated octahedron $$938,3$$ $$\infty$$
nuetron $$939,6$$ $$8,8\cdot 10^{10}$$
Hyperon $$\Lambda^0$$ stellated octahedron + 1 vertex $$1115,7$$ $$0,26$$
$$\Sigma$$ $$\approx 1193$$ $$<0,15$$
$$\Xi$$ 3 tetrahedrons $$\approx 1318$$ $$<0,29$$
$$\Omega^-$$ 4 tetrahedrons $$1672,5$$ $$0,08$$
Nucleus deuteron proton + nuetron $$1875,6$$ $$1,1$$ $$\infty$$
$$\Lambda^+$$-hyperon 5 tetrahedrons $$2286,5$$ $$2\cdot 10^{-4}$$
triton triangle (proton + 2 nuetrons) $$2809,3$$ $$2,7$$ $$\infty$$
$$\alpha$$-particle tetrahedron (2 protons + 2 nuetrons) $$3727,4$$ $$7$$ $$\infty$$