Languages
From Alt-Sci
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Fundamental chapter: Speech
The language is a speech system within a certain social group.
The modern languages are diverse due to the communication obstacles of the ancient peoples during the languages formation:
- Geographic (seas, mountains and regions with a harsh climate). Settlement of people within the river valleys as the most accessible routes and the food sources.
- National (isolation of race, clan or tribe).
- Religious (isolation of the religious communities and the theocratic states).
- Writing (incompatibility of literature).
Groups | Geographic limitations | Religious scope | Writing |
---|---|---|---|
Indo-European | |||
Celtic | British Islands | Druidry, Christianity | |
Germanic (English, German, Dutch, Swedish) | Baltic Sea, Rhine, Alps | Polytheism, Christianity (Protestantism) | Runes, Latin |
Romance (Italian, French, Spanish, Potuguese, Romanian, Moldovan) | Mediterranean Sea, Rhine, Alps | Polytheism, Christianity (Catholicism) | Latin |
Baltic (Lithuanian, Latvian) | Baltic Sea | Polytheism, Christianity | Latin |
Slavonic (Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Serbian, etc.) | Polytheism, Christianity | Latin, Glagolitic, Cyrillic | |
Gypsy | Latin, Cyrillic | ||
Indian (Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali, Urdu, etc.) | Indus, Himalayas | Hinduism | Brahmic |
Iranic (Iranian, Kurdish, Dari, Afghan, Tajik, etc.) | Indus, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains | Zoroastrianism, Islam (shia) | Arabic, Latin, Cyrillic |
Hellenic (Greek, Albanian, Armenian) | Mediterranean Sea | Polytheism, Christianity (Orthodox) | Greek, Armenian |
Caucasian | |||
North Caucasian | Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains | ||
Kartvelian (Georgian) | Christianity (Orthodox) | Georgian | |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) | |||
Ugric (Khanty, Mansi, Hungarian) | Ob River | Cyrillic, Latin | |
Komi, Udmurt, Mari, Mordvinic | Kama River, Volga River | ||
Baltic (Finnish, Karelian, Estonian) | Baltic Sea | Latin | |
Sami | |||
Nenets | northern seas | Cyrillic | |
Turkic | |||
Oghuz (Turkish, Turkmen, Azerbaijani) | Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains | Islam (not a state religion) | Arabic, Latin, Cyrillic |
Kipchak (Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir) | Volga River | Arabic, Cyrillic, Latin | |
Khakas (Kyrgyz) | Yenisei River | Cyrillic | |
Sakha | Lena River | Cyrillic | |
Altaic, Mongolic | Siberia, Tian Shan | Buddhism | Cyrillic |
Japanese-Korean | |||
Japanese | Islands | Shinto, Buddhism | Japanese |
Korean | Peninsula | Korean | |
Sino-Tibetan | |||
Chinese | Himalayas, Tian Shan | Confucianism, Taoism | Chinese |
Tibeto-Burman | Himalayas | Bon, Buddhism | Tibetan |
Austroasiatic | |||
Tai (Thailand, Laos) | Buddhism | Khmer | |
Khmer (Cambodia) | Buddhism | Khmer | |
Vietnamese | Latin | ||
Austronesian | |||
Malay | Islam (not a state religion) | Arabic, Latin | |
Philippine | Christianity (by colonization) | Latin | |
Oceanic | |||
Afroasiatic | |||
Egyptian (Coptic) | Nile River | Polytheism, Christianity | Egyptian |
Cushitic (Somali) | Islam | Latin | |
Semitic | |||
Hebrew | Judaism | Hebrew | |
Arabic | Islam | Arabic | |
Maltese | Christianity | Latin | |
Amharic (Ethiopian) | Christianity | Ge'ez | |
African | |||
Bantu (Swahili) | Latin | ||
Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa | Niger River |
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