Difference between revisions of "Indo-Europeans"
m (Protected "Indo-Europeans" ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))) |
(→Analysis of culture and language) |
||
(7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
The [[Aryans]] (Indo-Iranians) were spread from the northern [[wikipedia:India|India]] and [[wikipedia:Iran|Iran]] to the modern [[wikipedia:Greece|Greece]], [[wikipedia:Italy|Italy]] and [[wikipedia:Spain|Spain]], providing also the Semitic and Mediterranean peoples. The pagan beliefs and mythology of the ancient Hindus, Slavians, and partly Greco-Romans belong to the same culture. | The [[Aryans]] (Indo-Iranians) were spread from the northern [[wikipedia:India|India]] and [[wikipedia:Iran|Iran]] to the modern [[wikipedia:Greece|Greece]], [[wikipedia:Italy|Italy]] and [[wikipedia:Spain|Spain]], providing also the Semitic and Mediterranean peoples. The pagan beliefs and mythology of the ancient Hindus, Slavians, and partly Greco-Romans belong to the same culture. | ||
− | + | [[wikipedia:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] is the elitist Indian language, which emerged in the II millennium BC along with Aryans. The [[wikipedia:Avestan language|Avestan language]] is the closest Iranian relative of Sanskrit. The [[wikipedia:Slavic languages|Slavonic languages]] belong to the [[wikipedia:Indo-European languages|Indo-European family]], and they are closest to Sanskrit in the sound of many words and in the [[wikipedia:Grammar|grammar]]. | |
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
Line 458: | Line 458: | ||
|align="center"|brother of husband | |align="center"|brother of husband | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |align="center"|zvazrU | + | |align="center"|'''zvazrU''' |
− | |align="center"|svekrov | + | |align="center"|'''svekrov''' |
|align="center"|– | |align="center"|– | ||
− | |align="center"|–, suegra | + | |align="center"|'''–, suegra''' |
|align="center"|mother of husband | |align="center"|mother of husband | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |align="center"|zvazura | + | |align="center"|'''zvazura''' |
− | |align="center"|sviokor | + | |align="center"|'''sviokor''' |
|align="center"|– | |align="center"|– | ||
− | |align="center"|–, suegro | + | |align="center"|'''–, suegro''' |
|align="center"|father of husband | |align="center"|father of husband | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 785: | Line 785: | ||
|align="center"|– | |align="center"|– | ||
|align="center"|to fuck | |align="center"|to fuck | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |align="center"|madhye | ||
+ | |align="center"|mejdu | ||
+ | |align="center"|– | ||
+ | |align="center"|– | ||
+ | |align="center"|between | ||
+ | |align="center" rowspan="8"|measure | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|'''madhya''' | |align="center"|'''madhya''' | ||
Line 791: | Line 798: | ||
|align="center"|'''moyen, medio''' | |align="center"|'''moyen, medio''' | ||
|align="center"|'''middle''' | |align="center"|'''middle''' | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|madhyama | |align="center"|madhyama | ||
Line 834: | Line 840: | ||
|align="center"|'''mer, mar''' | |align="center"|'''mer, mar''' | ||
|align="center"|sea | |align="center"|sea | ||
− | |align="center" rowspan=" | + | |align="center" rowspan="18"|nature |
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|phena | |align="center"|phena | ||
Line 931: | Line 937: | ||
|align="center"|'''–, dia''' | |align="center"|'''–, dia''' | ||
|align="center"|'''day''' | |align="center"|'''day''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |align="center"|– | ||
+ | |align="center"|kabilA | ||
+ | |align="center"|caballus | ||
+ | |align="center"|cheval, caballo | ||
+ | |align="center"|horse | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|'''pAda''' | |align="center"|'''pAda''' | ||
Line 980: | Line 992: | ||
|align="center"|– | |align="center"|– | ||
|align="center"|to fear | |align="center"|to fear | ||
− | |align="center" rowspan=" | + | |align="center" rowspan="71"|other |
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|vak-ti, vac- | |align="center"|vak-ti, vac- | ||
Line 1,006: | Line 1,018: | ||
|align="center"|wife | |align="center"|wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |align="center"|pRccha-ti, prach- | + | |align="center"|'''pRccha-ti, prach-''' |
− | |align="center"|pras-it | + | |align="center"|'''pras-it''' |
− | |align="center"|precor | + | |align="center"|'''precor''' |
− | |align="center"|prier | + | |align="center"|'''prier''' |
|align="center"|to ask | |align="center"|to ask | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,053: | Line 1,065: | ||
|align="center"|– | |align="center"|– | ||
|align="center"|bright | |align="center"|bright | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |align="center"|bhaga | ||
+ | |align="center"|blAgo | ||
+ | |align="center"|– | ||
+ | |align="center"|– | ||
+ | |align="center"|prosperity | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|laDaha | |align="center"|laDaha | ||
Line 1,130: | Line 1,148: | ||
|align="center"|'''locus, locum''' | |align="center"|'''locus, locum''' | ||
|align="center"|'''lieu''' | |align="center"|'''lieu''' | ||
+ | |align="center"|'''location''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|plava-te, plu- | |align="center"|plava-te, plu- | ||
Line 1,358: | Line 1,377: | ||
|align="center"|'''couvrir, cubre''' | |align="center"|'''couvrir, cubre''' | ||
|align="center"|to lock | |align="center"|to lock | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |align="center"|– | ||
+ | |align="center"|'''kluc''' | ||
+ | |align="center"|'''clavis''' | ||
+ | |align="center"|'''clé, clave''' | ||
+ | |align="center"|a key | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|– | |align="center"|– | ||
Line 1,455: | Line 1,480: | ||
The [[wikipedia:Old East Slavic|Old Russian language]] was closer to Sanskrit than the modern one. The final letter [[wikipedia:Yat|«Ѣ»]] was pronounced as a vowel, which forms a typical Indian ending. Later, the letter «Ѣ» was ceased to say, and then it was ceased to write, replacing here and there by the [[wikipedia:Soft sign|«Ь» (soft sign)]]. The modern Russian words are more similar to the Western European brief words. | The [[wikipedia:Old East Slavic|Old Russian language]] was closer to Sanskrit than the modern one. The final letter [[wikipedia:Yat|«Ѣ»]] was pronounced as a vowel, which forms a typical Indian ending. Later, the letter «Ѣ» was ceased to say, and then it was ceased to write, replacing here and there by the [[wikipedia:Soft sign|«Ь» (soft sign)]]. The modern Russian words are more similar to the Western European brief words. | ||
− | The [[wikipedia:Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic language]] had acquired the verbal endings “-hu”, “-sha”, “-she” under the [[wikipedia:Hebrew language|Hebrew]] influence. The [[wikipedia:Polish language|Polish language]] under the [[wikipedia:Yiddish language|Yiddish]] influence | + | The [[wikipedia:Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic language]] had acquired the verbal endings “-hu”, “-sha”, “-she” under the [[wikipedia:Hebrew language|Hebrew]] influence. The [[wikipedia:Polish language|Polish language]] under the [[wikipedia:Yiddish language|Yiddish]] influence became the most hissing one among all the Slavonic languages. |
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" |
Latest revision as of 12:14, 5 May 2016
Previous chapter ( Languages ) | Table of contents | Next chapter ( Slavonic and Germanic peoples ) |
Corresponding Wikipedia article: Indo-European migrations
Analysis of culture and language
The Aryans (Indo-Iranians) were spread from the northern India and Iran to the modern Greece, Italy and Spain, providing also the Semitic and Mediterranean peoples. The pagan beliefs and mythology of the ancient Hindus, Slavians, and partly Greco-Romans belong to the same culture.
Sanskrit is the elitist Indian language, which emerged in the II millennium BC along with Aryans. The Avestan language is the closest Iranian relative of Sanskrit. The Slavonic languages belong to the Indo-European family, and they are closest to Sanskrit in the sound of many words and in the grammar.
Roots | Branches | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin, Indian, Slavonic, Baltic | Ancient Greek, Old Irish, Romanian | German, Dutch | French, Spanish, Italian | English, North Germanic | ||
Gender of the inanimated nouns | masculine, neutral, feminine | masculine, feminine | – | |||
Case | all the parts of speech | only pronouns | ||||
Nominative | Subject | + | + | + | + | + |
Genitive | Possession | + | + | + | + | + |
Dative | Exchange | + | + | + | + | + (objective case) |
Accusative | + | + | + | + | ||
Instrumental | Labor | + | – | – | – | |
Other | + | + | – | – | ||
Article (Semitic admixture) | – | declension | no declension | |||
Logic of language | Interaction and creativity | Property interchange | Subjects act on objects and possess |
The grammar of the Western European languages was developed under the strongest Semitic influence. The articles, which are missing in the Slavonic languages, exist in the Semitic languages (Hebrew: ha, Arabic: al). The prepositions instead of the grammatic cases is also a feature of the Semitic and other non-Indo-European languages.
The declension and conjugation allow to freely rearrange the words within the sentences, and this helps to create the poetry. The rational Semitic and Western European languages miss this advantage in various degrees, especially English, in which even the verb conjugation is simplified.
The Slavians and Celts are the most ancient population of the Eastern and Western Europe respectively. A list of the Irish (Celtic) words is consonant with the Slavonic, but not Germanic or Romance, words:
English | Irish | Typical Slavonic |
---|---|---|
a name | ainm | im… |
to say | rá | r…c… |
a paw | lapa | lapa |
a sword | claíomh | "Kladenets" |
to give | tabhair | dawa- |
to take | beir ar | bra- |
a lie | bréag | breh…, brec… |
was | bhí | byl- |
mother | máthair | mat… |
father | athair | ote…, oce… |
cabbage | cabáiste | kapusta |
chicken | cearc | kur… |
oven / fire | oigheann | og…n |
coal | gual | …g…l, …h…l… |
heat | te- | t…p… |
top | barr | w…rh… |
a snow | sneachta | sn…g, sn…h |
a knee | glúine | kol…no |
axis | ais | os… |
cure | leigheas | liec… |
happy | sásta | šast… |
East | West | Topic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sanskrit | Russian | Latin | French, Spanish |
English | |
na | net | non | non, no | no | |
kim | – | quid | que | what | |
kva | – | qua | – | where | |
kadA | kagdA | quando | quand, cuando | when | |
kah | kto | qui | qui, que | who | |
katara | katoriy | quae | qui, que | which | |
aham | As (yA) | – | – | I | |
mama (me) | mayA | mea | ma, mi | my | |
sva | svayA | sua | – | self | |
sama | to je sAmaye | – | –, mismo | same | |
nas | naS | noster | notre, nuestra | our | |
tava (te) | tvayA | tua | ta, tu | your | |
yuvam | vI | vos | vous, vosotros | you | |
tat | tat | – | – | that | |
etat | etat | – | – | this | |
pUrva | pervIy | prima | premier, primer | first | numbers |
dve | dvA | duo | deux, dos | two | |
tri | tri | tres, tria | trios, tres | three | |
catur | cetIre | quattuor | quatre, cuatro | four | |
panca | piAt | – | – | five | |
SaS | Sest | sex | six, seis | six | |
sapta | sem | septem | sept, siete | seven | |
aSTa | – | octo | huit, ocho | eight | |
navan | – | novem | neuf, nueve | nine | |
daza | desiAt | decem | dix, diez | ten | |
-daza | -nAtsAt | – | – | -teen | |
zata | sotniA | centum | cent, ciento | hundred | |
dama | dom | domus | domicile, domicilio | home | life family |
jIva-ti | ji-t’ | vivo | vivre, vivir | to live | |
hRdaya | serdtse | cor | cœur, corazón | heart | |
karo-ti (kR) | – | creo | сré-er, crear | do (create) | |
lubh- | lubi-t | lebet | – | to love | |
bhara-ti, bhR- | (briemiA) | – | – | to bear | |
mAtR | mAt, mAter- | mater | mere, madre | mother | |
sUnu | sin | – | – | son | |
duhitR | doc, docer- | – | – | daughter | |
bhrAtR | brAt | frater | frère | brother | |
svasR | sestrA | soror | sœur | sister | |
pitR, tAta | bAtiA, pApA | pater, papa | pere, padre | father | |
mraya-ti, mR- | umir-At | mori | mour-ir, morir | to die | |
vidhavA | vdavA | vidua | veuve, viuda | widow | |
snuSA | snahA | – | – | daughter in law | |
jAmAtA | siAt | – | – | son in law | |
devara | dever | – | – | brother of husband | |
zvazrU | svekrov | – | –, suegra | mother of husband | |
zvazura | sviokor | – | –, suegro | father of husband | |
– | baradA | barbam | barbe | beard | |
nAsA | nos | nasus | nez, nariz | nose | |
rASTra | rAsA | – | – | race (nation) | |
dvAra | dver | – | – | door | lifestyle |
agni | agon | ignis | – | a fire | |
dhUma | dim | – | – | a smoke | |
tapa | teplo | – | – | a heat | |
sida-ti, sad- | sAd-itsiA | sede | – | to sit | |
– | posAdkA | positio | – | position | |
at-ti, ad- | ye-st | edo | – | to eat | |
piba-ti, pA- | p-it | bibere | boire, beber | to drink | |
caSaka | cASkA | – | – | cup | |
svAdu | slAd-kiy | suavis | suave | sweet | |
madhu | miod | mel | miel | honey | |
gu | karovA, gaviAdinA | – | – | cow | |
carva-ti | jev-at | – | – | to chew | |
dohaya-ti, duh- | do-it | – | – | to get milk | |
mAMsa | miAso | – | – | meat | |
sarpa | – | serpens | serpent | serpent | |
mUSaka | miS | mus | – | mouse | |
cora | vor | fur | – | thief | |
yava | yacmen | – | – | barley | |
– | drem-At | dormito | dorm-ir | to dream | |
svapi-ti | sp-At | – | – | to sleep | |
bodha-ti, budh- | bud-it | – | – | to wake | |
hada-ti | gad-it | – | – | to shit | |
– | rAbot-At | labor | travaill-er, trabajar | to work | labor |
tanu, tanuka | tonk-iy | tenuis | – | thin | |
tano-ti | tiAn-ut | – | – | extend | |
– | S-it | suo | – | sew | |
– | tk-At | texo | – | weave | |
– | spleteniye | plexus | – | plexus | |
– | -viAsA- | fascis | – | fasten | |
– | viAskiy | viscosa | visqueux, viscoso | viscous | |
– | kley | gluten | colle, cola | glue | |
– | kAmen, сement | caementa | ciment, cemento | stone, cement | |
– | stro-it | construo | – | construct | |
– | strogiy | strictus | strict, estricto | strict | |
yA-ti | id-ti | ito | – | go | motion |
gati | gat | – | – | movement | |
patha | put | – | – | path | |
– | darogA, (tor-it) | tractus | tract | road | |
dAra | dirA (tor) | torus | torus | hole, torus | |
– | soitiye | coitus | – | coition | |
prIti | priyAtno | – | – | pleasure | |
– | hod-it | cedo | – | to walk | |
– | ishod | exitus | – | exit | |
nagna | nAgoy | nudus | nu | nude | sex |
lih- | lis-At | liguro | léch-er, lamer | to lick | |
cUSa-ti | sos-At | sugo | suc-er, chupar | to suck | |
lAlaya-ti, lal- | lAsk-At | – | – | to fondle | |
yabha-ti | yeb-At | – | – | to fuck | |
madhye | mejdu | – | – | between | measure |
madhya | – | medius | moyen, medio | middle | |
madhyama | – | moderato | modéré, moderado | moderate | |
mana-ti, mnA- | mn-it | memini | – | mean | |
mAna | merA | metrum | mesure, medida | measure | |
– | menSe | minus | moins, menos | less | |
– | bolSe | plus | plus | more | |
pUrNa | polniy | plenus | plein, pleno | full | |
mIra | more | mari | mer, mar | sea | nature |
phena | pena | – | – | foam | |
sUrya | solntse | sol | soleil, sol | sun | |
dru | derevo | – | – | tree | |
– | karA | cortex | сroûte, corteza | crust | |
bhUrja | beriosa | betula | bouleau | birch | |
tRNa | trAvA | – | – | grass | |
mAsa | mesiAts | mensis | mois, mes | month | |
vasanta | vesnA | – | – | spring | |
himA | simA | hiems | hiver | winter | |
giri | garA | – | – | mountain | |
vAta | veter | ventus | vent, viento | wind | |
nabha | nebo | nubis | – | sky | |
– | golub | colombo | colombe | dove | |
tama | tmA, ten | tenebra | tenebres | darkness | |
niz | noc | nocte | nuit, noche | night | |
dina | den | dies | –, dia | day | |
– | kabilA | caballus | cheval, caballo | horse | |
pAda | piAtA | pede | pied, pie | foot | body parts |
– | ustA | ostium | – | mouth | |
locana | oko | oculus | œil, ojo | eye | |
– | uho | aurem | oreille, oido | ear | |
danta | – | dentis | dents, diente | dent | |
jAnu | – | genu | genou | knee | |
nakha | nogot | – | – | nail | |
bhI- | bo-iAtsiA | – | – | to fear | other |
vak-ti, vac- | bac-it, viAk-At | vox | voix, voz | say | |
vet-ti, vid- | ved-At | – | – | to know | |
jAnA-ti | sn-At | – | – | to know | |
jAyA | jenA | – | – | wife | |
pRccha-ti, prach- | pras-it | precor | prier | to ask | |
dadA-ti, dA- | dA-vAt | do | don-ner, dar | to give | |
dAna | dAr | donum | don | gift | |
nuda-ti | nAdAv-it | – | – | to push | |
kAsa-te, kAs- | kASl-iAt | – | – | to cough | |
smaya-te, smi- | smey-AtsiA | – | – | to smile | |
kroza-ti, kruz- | kric-At | – | cri, gritar | cry | |
zveta | svetl-iy | – | – | bright | |
bhaga | blAgo | – | – | prosperity | |
laDaha | lAdn-iy | – | – | beautiful | |
durita | durn-oy | – | – | bad,evil | |
laghu | liogk-iy | levis | leger, ligero | light | |
mizrI | s-meS-anniy | mixta | mixte, mixto | mixed | |
zuSya-ti | suS-it | sicco | sech-er, secar | to dry | |
nava | nov-iy | novus | nouveau, nuevo | new | |
nAman | – | nomen | nom, nombre | name | |
yuvan, yuvatI | yun-iy | juvenis | jeunes, joven | young | |
nIca | nisk-iy | – | – | low | |
pata-ti | pAd-At | – | – | fall | |
– | os | axis | axe, eje | axis | |
Asana | asAnkA | – | – | posture | |
loka | po-loj-eniye | locus, locum | lieu | location | |
plava-te, plu- | plAv-At | – | – | swim | |
varta-te, vRt- | vert-et | verto | vir-er | to turn | |
grah- | grab-it | harpago | gripper, agarrar | grab | |
cuTa-ti | siec | seco | – | cut | |
ruja-ti | ruS-it | – | – | destroy | |
rAji | riAd | ordo | rangée | row | |
kraNa | rAnA | – | – | wound | |
sthA- | sto-yAt | stare | – | to stand | |
trasa-ti | triAst-is, trus-it | tremens | trembl-er | to tremble | |
anya | inoy | – | – | other | |
dIrgha | dolg-iy | longus | long, largo | long | |
maha | maguciy | magnus | magnifique | mighty | |
– | ogromniy, gromadniy | grandis | grand, gran | great | |
– | mal-iy (Eng: small) | malus | mauvais, malo | bad | |
– | vipAr-it | vaporo | vaporiz-er, vaporizar | evaporate | |
– | na-vest-it | visito | visit-er, visitar | to visit | |
– | abit-At | habito | habit-er, habitar | inhabit | |
– | skreb-sti (Eng: to scrape) | scribo | écrire, escribir | to write | |
– | сitA-t, tsitir-avAt | citant | citer, citar | read, cite | |
– | verno | vere | vrai | true | |
– | vr-At (Eng: to lie) | virtualis | virtuel, virtual | virtual | |
– | krivo | curvo | courbé, curvo | curve | |
– | vet-hiy | vetus | vieux, viejo | old | |
– | muSs-koy | mas | masculin, macho | male | |
– | vid-et | video | voir, ver | to see | |
– | sAvid-avAt | invideo | envier, envidiar | envy | |
– | (is-vol-it) | volo | voul-oir | to will | |
– | rv-At | rupturae | rupture, ruptura | to tear | |
– | сap-At | capio | сaptur-er, captar | capture | |
– | prosto | prisce | – | simply | |
– | sAlit-iy | solidus | solide, sólido | solid | |
– | (vlajn-iy) | fluxus | fluide, fluido | fluid | |
– | kalion-iy | calido | chaud, caliente | hot | |
– | (vnutr) | penetro | еntr-er, entrar | to еnter | |
– | se kaleb-At | oscillare | oscill-er, oscilar | oscillate | |
– | socet-At | socio | – | to combine | |
– | sud-it | suadeo | – | to judge | |
– | sApir-At | cooperio | couvrir, cubre | to lock | |
– | kluc | clavis | clé, clave | a key | |
– | sakrit-iy (Eng: hidden) | sacram | sacré, sacro | sacred | |
– | s telom (Eng: with body) | satelles | satellite | satellite | |
– | kovir-At | caverno | – | to make hollow | |
– | kol, kalonnA | columna | – | column | |
– | vtor-it (Eng: to repeat) | itero | – | iterate | |
pra- | prA-, pred- | pre-, pro- | pre-, pro- | pre-, pro- | prefixes |
prati- | protivo- | – | – | counter- | |
pUrva- | pervo- | – | – | first | |
vi- | vi-, (rAs-) | – | – | – | |
nis- | nis-, is-, (vi-) | еx- | еx- | еx- | |
antara- | nutro (Eng: internals) | inter- | inter- | inter- | |
para- | pArA- | para- | para- | para- | |
– | sverh- | super- | super- | super- | |
– | sо- | co-, con-, com- | co-, con-, com- | co-, con-, com- | |
– | biloye (Eng: bygone) | paleo- | paleo- | paleo- | |
Words, which are consonant with theirs Germanic (German, Swedish, English) translations, are highlighted in bold. |
The Old Russian language was closer to Sanskrit than the modern one. The final letter «Ѣ» was pronounced as a vowel, which forms a typical Indian ending. Later, the letter «Ѣ» was ceased to say, and then it was ceased to write, replacing here and there by the «Ь» (soft sign). The modern Russian words are more similar to the Western European brief words.
The Church Slavonic language had acquired the verbal endings “-hu”, “-sha”, “-she” under the Hebrew influence. The Polish language under the Yiddish influence became the most hissing one among all the Slavonic languages.
Russian | Sanskrit | Persian | Greek | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
net | na | nA | – | no |
Sto | – | ce | ti | what |
ti | tvam | tu | – | you |
dA-t | dadA-ti | dad-an | dino | to give |
dAr | dAna | – | doro | gift |
– | nAman | nAm | onomA | name |
– | eka | ek | enA | one |
dvA | dve | do | dio | two |
tri | tri | – | treis | three |
cetire | catur | cAhAr | tesserA | four |
piAt | panca | piAnj | pente | five |
Sest | SaS | SeS | – | six |
sem | sapta | – | eptA | seven |
– | aSTa | hASt | okto | eight |
– | navan | noh | enneA | nine |
desiAt | daza | dAh | dekA | ten |
sto | zata | sad | – | hundred |
– | karo-ti (kR-) | kArd-An | – | do (create) |
– | hRdaya | – | kArdiA | heart |
mAt, mAteR- | mAtR | mAdAr | miterA | mother |
bAtiA, pApA | pitR, tAta | bAdAr, bAbA | pAterAs | father |
brAt | bhrAtR | bArAdAr | – | brother |
umir-At | mraya-ti, mR- | mord-An | – | to die |
dver | dvAra | dAr | – | door |
p-it | piba-ti, pA- | – | poto | to drink |
miod | madhu | – | meli | honey |
karovA, gaviAdinA | gu | gAv | – | cow |
miS | mUSaka | muS | – | mouse |
derevo | dru | derAht | dentro | tree |
mesiAts | mAsa | mAh | minAs | month |
veter | vAta | bAd | – | wind |
simA | himA | simiston | heymon | winter |
noc | niz | – | nihtA | night |
piAtA | pAda | pA | podi | foot |
– | danta | dAndun | donti | dent |
nov-iy | nava | – | neA | new |
yun-iy | yuvan, yuvatI | jAven | – | young |
sto-yAt | sthA- | – | stAsi | to stand |
is-vol-it, hat-et | – | hAstAn | felo | want. will |
gavar-it | – | goft-An | – | to speak |
br-At | – | bord-An | pairno | to take |
merA | mAna | – | metrA | measure |
menSe | – | – | meyon | less |
bolSe | – | biStar | pleon | more |
poln-iy | pUrNa | por | plirous | full |
verno | – | – | beros | true |
krivo | – | – | kirto | curve |
Theory of the origin of numerals
See also "Pyramids".
Number | Sanskrit | Russian | Persian | Greek | Latin | German, English |
Origin | Non-Indo-European cognates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | dve | dvA | do | diо | duo | zwei, two | Two sides of a door. | |
dvAra | dver | dAr | – | – | Tür, door | |||
3 | tri | tri | – | treis | tres, tria | drei, three | Tee, fork. | |
dru | derevo | derAht | dentro | – | –, tree | |||
4 | catur | cetire | cAhAr | tesserA | quattuor | vier, four | Four walls or corners of a temple. | |
kIrti | certog | cortag | – | – | Kirche, church | |||
5 | panca | piAt | piAnj | pente | – | fünf, five | Five fingers of a foot. | |
pAda | piAtA | pA | podi | pede | Fuß, foot | |||
6 | SaS | Sest | SeS | – | sex | sechs, six | The 6th God of Egypt. | Semitic and Bantu languages. |
Set | Shaitan | Satan | Seth | |||||
7 | sapta | sem | – | eptA | septem | sieben, seven | Colors of the rainbow. (Horus is the 7th God of Egypt) | |
suvar | svet | – | – | – | Licht, light | |||
8 | aSTa | – | hASt | okto | octo | acht, eight | 2 x 4 | |
9 | navan | – | noh | – | novem | neun, nine | Newborn in 9 months. | |
nava | noviy | – | nea | novus | neu, new | |||
10 | daza | desiAt | dAh | deka | decem | zehn, ten | "to 100". | |
100 | zata | sto | sAd | ekato | centum | – | AnCieNT human age. |
Roots of proto-language
Symbol | Root | Modern english words | Number | God |
---|---|---|---|---|
B r a i n | ||||
Wisdom (Vedi) | V – D/T | wisdom, to wit, video, word | ||
Vision | V – S | vision, visit | ||
Belief | V – R | verity, verify, aware | ||
Will | V – L | will, wield | ||
Voice | V – K | voice, vocal | ||
H e a r t | ||||
Good (Dobro) | D | donate, dwelling, daughter | ||
Motion | D – R | drive, tract, trans-…, a tear, torus, door, tree drink, drug, trance |
2, 3 | |
Rotation | H/V/K/S – R – D/T | whirl, rotate, pervert, convert cord, notochord, vertical, vortex, heart, create, accord, chord, choir, chorus, harmony |
4 | Horus |
Axis | O/A – S | axis, axle, asana | ||
Fire | O/A – G/K | light, oculus (“fire in eyes”, “windows of soul”) | ||
Cycle | K – L | cycle, circle, oscillate, clock | ||
Genu | K/G – N | knee, genu, genitals, know, gene-…, | ||
Love, life (Liudi) | L – B/P | love, live | ||
Harmony | L – D | lovely | ||
Mother | M – T | mother, matter, matrix | Maat | |
Month | M – S | month | ||
Measure | M – R | measure | ||
Middle | M – D | middle, moderate, mediocre, medium, mediator | ||
Mind (Mislete) | M – N | mind, mean, mini-… | ||
Might | M – H/G | might, magnify, magic, mechanics, machine, make | ||
Extreme | P(B) – R/L | full, over, plus, pole, polar | ||
Drink | P(B) – B/V | to bib, beer | ||
Path (Pokoy) | P(B) – D/T | pater (father), path, foot | 5 | Ptah |
B o d y | ||||
Race (Rtsi) | R | row, race, Rus' | Ra | |
Equality | S – M | same | ||
Son | S – N | son | Shu | |
Set | S – D/T | set, -stat-, -stab-, still, stand, sit, -strict-, -struct-, strong, to seed | 6, 10, 100 | Seth (Satan) |
Light, world (Slovo) | S – V/B/P | siblings, splendid | 7 | Isis ? |
Sun | S – L/R | solar, solstice | ||
Sleep | S – L/V – P | sleep | ||
Sweet | S – L/V – D/T | sweet | ||
Childhood | S – S | soother, tit | ||
Youth | Y – V/N | young | ||
Food (Yest) | E/A – S/T | eat | ||
Caress | L | lie down, lick | ||
Location | L – K/G | -loca-… | ||
Trend (Tverdo) | T – N | trend, tend-, extend, thin | ||
Tremble | T – R | tremble, tremor | ||
Brother | B – R | born (to bear), brother, beard | ||
Nose (Nash) | N – S | nose | ||
New | N – V | new, novation | 9 | |
Name | N – М | name | ||
Other | ? – N | enemy |
The symbols marked bold are the names of letters of the first known Slavonic alphabet: Glagolitic.
Apparently, some symbols were altered during the Slavonic religion development:
Archaic (path of brotherhood and love for the world of Rus’) |
Paganism (people is conquered by idols and tells the words) |
Christianity (people is conquered by letters and tells the words) |
Modern time (people is conquered by letters and digits) |
---|---|---|---|
? | As | I am (Az) | А |
Brother | Gods (Bogi) | Letters (Buki) | Б |
Love, life | People (Liudi) | People (Liudi) | Л |
Path | Peace (Pokoy) | Peace (Pokoy) | П |
Race | Tell (Rtsi) | Tell (Rtsi) | Р |
Light, World | Word (Slovo) | Word (Slovo) | С |
The numerals "six" and "seven" relate to the nostratic language and, therefore, they define the sides of a conflict, which lasts almost the entire mankind history:
Number | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|
Principle | masculine | feminine |
Essence | strength, strictness, structure | family |
Gods of Egypt | Seth | Isis ? |
Previous chapter ( Languages ) | Table of contents | Next chapter ( Slavonic and Germanic peoples ) |